手动抛出异常、自定义异常的用法

首先定义一个学生类；
有性别、年龄和名字，私有化，有get、set方法、重写toString方法
手动抛出异常thorw new Exception(String);（匿名对象调用Exception方法）
String的内容用public String getMessage()方法调用输出

private int age;
	private String gender;
	private String name;
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	public void setGender(String gender) throws Exception{
		if(gender.equals("男")||gender.equals("女")) {
			this.gender = gender;
		}else {
			//手动抛出异常，让调用者去解决
			throw new Exception("性别输入错误！");//message
		}
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) throws Exception{
		if(age>=0&&age<=120) {
			this.age=age;
		}else {
			//手动抛出异常，让调用者去解决
			throw new Exception("年龄只能在0-120之间");//message
		}
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name= name;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [age=" + age + ", gender=" + gender + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}

测试学生类：

public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner taylor=new Scanner(System.in);
		//Student类中有个异常抛出，在main方法中调用时需要用try--catch进行解决
		int age;
		String gender,name;
		Student s1=new Student();		
		System.out.print("输入性别：");
		gender=taylor.nextLine();
		System.out.print("输入年龄：");
		age=taylor.nextInt();
		s1.setName("老铁");
		try {
			s1.setAge(age);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(e.getMessage());
		}
		try {
			s1.setGender(gender);
		} catch (Exception e) {
			System.err.println(e.getMessage());
		}
		System.out.println(s1.toString());
	}

----------------------------------------分割线---------------------------------------
自定义异常：
先创建两个类，继承Exception方法
方法1：

public class GenderException extends Exception{
	public GenderException(String msg) {
		//构造方法，调用父类方法
		super(msg);
		//相当于new Exception("性别只能是男或女");
	}
}

方法2：

   public class AgeException extends Exception{ 	
   	public AgeException(String msg) { 		
   		super(msg); 		
   		//相当于new  Exception("年龄只能在0-120之间"); 	
   	}
   }

定义一个学生类：
方法上用throws，方法内用throw

public class Student1 {
	private int age;
	private String gender;
	private String name;
	
	public String getGender() {
		return gender;
	}
	
	public void setGender(String gender) throws GenderException{
		if(gender.equals("男")||gender.equals("女")) {
			this.gender = gender;
		}else {
			//自定义一个异常(GenderException)，手动抛出，让调用者去解决
			throw new GenderException("只能输入男或者女");//message
		}
	}
	public int getAge() {
		return age;
	}
	public void setAge(int age) throws AgeException{
		if(age>=0&&age<=120) {
			this.age=age;
		}else {
			//自定义一个异常(AgeException)，手动抛出，让调用者去解决
			throw new AgeException("年龄只能在0-120之间");//message
		}
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name= name;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Student [age=" + age + ", gender=" + gender + ", name=" + name + "]";
	}

测试学生类：

public static void main(String[] args) {
		Scanner taylor=new Scanner(System.in);
		Student1 s1=new Student1();
		int  age;
		String gender;
		System.out.print("年龄：");
		age=taylor.nextInt();
		System.out.print("性别：");
		gender=taylor.nextLine();
		s1.setName("隔壁老王");
		try {
			s1.setAge(age);
		}catch(AgeException a) {
			System.err.println(a.getMessage());
		}
		try {
			s1.setGender(gender);
		}catch(GenderException a) {
			System.err.println(a.getMessage());
		}
		System.out.println(s1.toString());
		taylor.close();
	}